Appendix F. A Sample .bashrc File
The ~/.bashrc file determines the behavior of interactive shells. A good look at this file can lead to a better understanding of Bash.
Emmanuel Rouat contributed the following very elaborate .bashrc file, written for a Linux system. Study this file carefully, and feel free to reuse code snippets and functions from it in your own .bashrc file and even in your scripts.
Example F-1. Sample .bashrc file
1 #===============================================================
2 #
3 # PERSONAL $HOME/.bashrc FILE for bash-2.04 (or later)
4 #
5 # This file is read (normally) by interactive shells only.
6 # Here is the place to define your aliases, functions and
7 # other interactive features like your prompt.
8 #
9 # This file was designed (originally) for Solaris.
10 # --> Modified for Linux.
11 #
12 #===============================================================
13
14 # --> Comments added by HOWTO author.
15
16
17 #-----------------------------------
18 # Source global definitions (if any)
19 #-----------------------------------
20
21 if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
22 . /etc/bashrc # --> Read /etc/bashrc, if present.
23 fi
24
25
26 #-------------------------------------------------------------
27 # Automatic setting of $DISPLAY (if not set already)
28 # This works for linux and solaris - your mileage may vary....
29 #-------------------------------------------------------------
30
31
32 if [ -z ${DISPLAY:=""} ]; then
33 DISPLAY=$(who am i)
34 DISPLAY=${DISPLAY%%\!*}
35 if [ -n "$DISPLAY" ]; then
36 export DISPLAY=$DISPLAY:0.0
37 else
38 export DISPLAY=":0.0" # fallback
39 fi
40 fi
41
42
43 #---------------
44 # Some settings
45 #---------------
46
47 set -o notify
48 set -o noclobber
49 set -o ignoreeof
50 set -o nounset
51 #set -o xtrace # useful for debuging
52
53 shopt -s cdspell
54 shopt -s cdable_vars
55 shopt -s checkhash
56 shopt -s checkwinsize
57 shopt -s mailwarn
58 shopt -s sourcepath
59 shopt -s no_empty_cmd_completion
60 shopt -s histappend histreedit
61 shopt -s extglob # useful for programmable completion
62
63
64
65 #-----------------------
66 # Greeting, motd etc...
67 #-----------------------
68
69 # Define some colors first:
70 red='\e[0;31m'
71 RED='\e[1;31m'
72 blue='\e[0;34m'
73 BLUE='\e[1;34m'
74 cyan='\e[0;36m'
75 CYAN='\e[1;36m'
76 NC='\e[0m' # No Color
77 # --> Nice. Has the same effect as using "ansi.sys" in DOS.
78
79 # Looks best on a black background.....
80 echo -e "${CYAN}This is BASH ${RED}${BASH_VERSION%.*}${CYAN} - DISPLAY on ${RED}$DISPLAY${NC}\n"
81 date
82
83
84 function _exit() # function to run upon exit of shell
85 {
86 echo -e "${RED}Hasta la vista, baby${NC}"
87 }
88 trap _exit 0
89
90 #---------------
91 # Shell prompt
92 #---------------
93
94
95 function fastprompt()
96 {
97 unset PROMPT_COMMAND
98 case $TERM in
99 *term | rxvt )
100 PS1="[\h] \W > \[\033]0;[\u@\h] \w\007\]" ;;
101 *)
102 PS1="[\h] \W > " ;;
103 esac
104 }
105
106
107 function powerprompt()
108 {
109 _powerprompt()
110 {
111 LOAD=$(uptime|sed -e "s/.*: \([^,]*\).*/\1/" -e "s/ //g")
112 TIME=$(date +%H:%M)
113 }
114
115 PROMPT_COMMAND=_powerprompt
116 case $TERM in
117 *term | rxvt )
118 PS1="${cyan}[\$TIME \$LOAD]$NC\n[\h \#] \W > \[\033]0;[\u@\h] \w\007\]" ;;
119 linux )
120 PS1="${cyan}[\$TIME - \$LOAD]$NC\n[\h \#] \w > " ;;
121 * )
122 PS1="[\$TIME - \$LOAD]\n[\h \#] \w > " ;;
123 esac
124 }
125
126 powerprompt # this is the default prompt - might be slow
127 # If too slow, use fastprompt instead....
128
129
130
131 #===============================================================
132 #
133 # ALIASES AND FUNCTIONS
134 #
135 # Arguably, some functions defined here are quite big
136 # (ie 'lowercase') but my workstation has 512Meg of RAM, so .....
137 # If you want to make this file smaller, these functions can
138 # be converted into scripts.
139 #
140 # Many functions were taken (almost) straight from the bash-2.04
141 # examples.
142 #
143 #===============================================================
144
145 #-------------------
146 # Personnal Aliases
147 #-------------------
148
149 alias rm='rm -i'
150 alias cp='cp -i'
151 alias mv='mv -i'
152 # -> Prevents accidentally clobbering files.
153
154 alias h='history'
155 alias j='jobs -l'
156 alias r='rlogin'
157 alias which='type -a'
158 alias ..='cd ..'
159 alias path='echo -e ${PATH//:/\\n}'
160 alias print='/usr/bin/lp -o nobanner -d $LPDEST'
161 alias pjet='enscript -h -G -fCourier9 -d $LPDEST '
162 alias vi='vim'
163 alias du='du -h'
164 alias df='df -kh'
165
166 alias ls='ls -hF --color'
167 alias lx='ls -lXB'
168 alias lk='ls -lSr'
169 alias la='ls -Al'
170 alias lr='ls -lR'
171 alias lt='ls -ltr'
172 alias lm='ls -al |more'
173
174 alias background='xv -root -quit -max -rmode 5'
175
176 alias more='less'
177 export PAGER=less
178 export LESSCHARSET='latin1'
179 export LESSOPEN='|lesspipe.sh %s' # Use this if lesspipe.sh exists
180 export LESS='-i -N -w -z-4 -g -e -M -X -F -R -P%t?f%f \
181 :stdin .?pb%pb\%:?lbLine %lb:?bbByte %bb:-...'
182
183 # spelling typos
184
185 alias xs='cd'
186 alias vf='cd'
187 alias moer='more'
188 alias moew='more'
189 alias kk='ll'
190
191
192
193
194
195 #----------------
196 # a few fun ones
197 #----------------
198
199 function xtitle ()
200 {
201 case $TERM in
202 *term | rxvt)
203 echo -n -e "\033]0;$*\007" ;;
204 *) ;;
205 esac
206 }
207
208 alias top='xtitle Processes on $HOST && top'
209 alias make='xtitle Making $(basename $PWD) ; make'
210 alias ncftp="xtitle ncFTP ; ncftp"
211
212
213 #---------------
214 # and functions
215 #---------------
216
217 function man ()
218 {
219 xtitle The $(basename $1|tr -d .[:digit:]) manual
220 man -a "$*"
221 }
222
223
224
225 function ll(){ ls -l $*| egrep "^d" ; ls -lh $* 2>&-| egrep -v "^d|total "; }
226 function xemacs() { { command xemacs -private $* 2>&- & } && disown ;}
227 function te() # wrapper around xemacs/gnuserv
228 {
229 if [ "$(gnuclient -batch -eval t 2>&-)" == "t" ]; then
230 gnuclient -q $@;
231 else
232 ( xemacs $@ & );
233 fi
234 }
235
236
237 #-----------------------------------
238 # File & strings related functions:
239 #-----------------------------------
240
241 function ff() { find . -name '*'$1'*' ; }
242 function fe() { find . -name '*'$1'*' -exec $2 {} \; ; }
243 function fstr() # find a string in a set of files
244 {
245 if [ "$#" -gt 2 ]; then
246 echo "Usage: fstr \"pattern\" [files] "
247 return;
248 fi
249 SMSO=$(tput smso)
250 RMSO=$(tput rmso)
251 find . -type f -name "${2:-*}" -print | xargs grep -sin "$1" | \
252 sed "s/$1/$SMSO$1$RMSO/gI"
253 }
254 function cuttail() # cut last n lines in file, 10 by default
255 {
256 nlines=${2:-10}
257 sed -n -e :a -e "1,${nlines}!{P;N;D;};N;ba" $1
258 }
259
260 function lowercase() # move filenames to lowercase
261 {
262 for file ; do
263 filename=${file##*/}
264 case "$filename" in
265 */*) dirname==${file%/*} ;;
266 *) dirname=.;;
267 esac
268 nf=$(echo $filename | tr A-Z a-z)
269 newname="${dirname}/${nf}"
270 if [ "$nf" != "$filename" ]; then
271 mv "$file" "$newname"
272 echo "lowercase: $file --> $newname"
273 else
274 echo "lowercase: $file not changed."
275 fi
276 done
277 }
278
279 function swap() # swap 2 filenames around
280 {
281 local TMPFILE=tmp.$$
282 mv $1 $TMPFILE
283 mv $2 $1
284 mv $TMPFILE $2
285 }
286
287
288
289 # Misc utilities:
290
291 function repeat() # repeat n times command
292 {
293 local i max
294 max=$1; shift;
295 for ((i=1; i <= max ; i++)); do # --> C-like syntax
296 eval "$@";
297 done
298 }
299
300
301 function ask()
302 {
303 echo -n "$@" '[y/n] ' ; read ans
304 case "$ans" in
305 y*|Y*) return 0 ;;
306 *) return 1 ;;
307 esac
308 }
309
310
311
312 #=========================================================================
313 #
314 # PROGRAMMABLE COMPLETION - ONLY IN BASH-2.04
315 # (Most are taken from the bash 2.04 documentation)
316 #
317 #=========================================================================
318
319 if [ "${BASH_VERSION%.*}" \< "2.04" ]; then
320 echo "No programmable completion available"
321 return
322 fi
323
324 shopt -s extglob # necessary
325
326 complete -A hostname rsh rcp telnet rlogin r ftp ping disk
327 complete -A command nohup exec eval trace gdb
328 complete -A command command type which
329 complete -A export printenv
330 complete -A variable export local readonly unset
331 complete -A enabled builtin
332 complete -A alias alias unalias
333 complete -A function function
334 complete -A user su mail finger
335
336 complete -A helptopic help # currently same as builtins
337 complete -A shopt shopt
338 complete -A stopped -P '%' bg
339 complete -A job -P '%' fg jobs disown
340
341 complete -A directory mkdir rmdir
342
343 complete -f -X '*.gz' gzip
344 complete -f -X '!*.ps' gs ghostview gv
345 complete -f -X '!*.pdf' acroread
346 complete -f -X '!*.+(gif|jpg|jpeg|GIF|JPG|bmp)' xv gimp
347
348
349 _make_targets ()
350 {
351 local mdef makef gcmd cur prev i
352
353 COMPREPLY=()
354 cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
355 prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
356
357 # if prev argument is -f, return possible filename completions.
358 # we could be a little smarter here and return matches against
359 # `makefile Makefile *.mk', whatever exists
360 case "$prev" in
361 -*f) COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -f $cur ) ); return 0;;
362 esac
363
364 # if we want an option, return the possible posix options
365 case "$cur" in
366 -) COMPREPLY=(-e -f -i -k -n -p -q -r -S -s -t); return 0;;
367 esac
368
369 # make reads `makefile' before `Makefile'
370 if [ -f makefile ]; then
371 mdef=makefile
372 elif [ -f Makefile ]; then
373 mdef=Makefile
374 else
375 mdef=*.mk # local convention
376 fi
377
378 # before we scan for targets, see if a makefile name was specified
379 # with -f
380 for (( i=0; i < ${#COMP_WORDS[@]}; i++ )); do
381 if [[ ${COMP_WORDS[i]} == -*f ]]; then
382 eval makef=${COMP_WORDS[i+1]} # eval for tilde expansion
383 break
384 fi
385 done
386
387 [ -z "$makef" ] && makef=$mdef
388
389 # if we have a partial word to complete, restrict completions to
390 # matches of that word
391 if [ -n "$2" ]; then gcmd='grep "^$2"' ; else gcmd=cat ; fi
392
393 # if we don't want to use *.mk, we can take out the cat and use
394 # test -f $makef and input redirection
395 COMPREPLY=( $(cat $makef 2>/dev/null | awk 'BEGIN {FS=":"} /^[^.# ][^=]*:/ {print $1}' | tr -s ' ' '\012' | sort -u | eval $gcmd ) )
396 }
397
398 complete -F _make_targets -X '+($*|*.[cho])' make gmake pmake
399
400
401 _configure_func ()
402 {
403 case "$2" in
404 -*) ;;
405 *) return ;;
406 esac
407
408 case "$1" in
409 \~*) eval cmd=$1 ;;
410 *) cmd="$1" ;;
411 esac
412
413 COMPREPLY=( $("$cmd" --help | awk '{if ($1 ~ /--.*/) print $1}' | grep ^"$2" | sort -u) )
414 }
415
416 complete -F _configure_func configure
417
418 _killall ()
419 {
420 local cur prev
421 COMPREPLY=()
422 cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
423
424 # get a list of processes (the first sed evaluation
425 # takes care of swapped out processes, the second
426 # takes care of getting the basename of the process)
427 COMPREPLY=( $( /usr/bin/ps -u $USER -o comm | \
428 sed -e '1,1d' -e 's#[]\[]##g' -e 's#^.*/##'| \
429 awk '{if ($0 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $0}' ))
430
431 return 0
432 }
433
434 complete -F _killall killall
435
436
437 # Local Variables:
438 # mode:shell-script
439 # sh-shell:bash
440 # End: |